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Journal of Ovarian Research Jul 2023Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is often diagnosed at advanced stages with low survival rates. Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type M (PTPRM) is involved in cancer...
BACKGROUND
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is often diagnosed at advanced stages with low survival rates. Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type M (PTPRM) is involved in cancer development and progression; however, its role in EOC remains unclear. In this study,we aimed to detect PTPRM expression in ovarian epithelial tumors, analyze its relationship with the clinicopathological features and survival prognosis of patients with EOC, and provide a theoretical basis for new targets for EOC treatment. Fifty-seven patients with EOC treated at our hospital between January 2012-January 2014 were included; along with 18 borderline and 30 benign epithelial ovarian tumors and 15 normal ovarian and uterine tube tissue samples from patients surgically treated at our hospital during the same period. PTPRM expression was immunohistochemically detected, and we analyzed its relationship with clinicopathological features and prognosis. Associations between PTPRM expression and survival prognosis of patients with EOC were analyzed using the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and Kaplan-Meier Plotter databases.
RESULTS
PTPRM had the highest expression rates in normal ovarian and uterine tube tissues, followed by benign and borderline epithelial ovarian tumors; the lowest positive expression rate was observed in EOC tumors. PTPRM expression differed significantly among groups (P < 0.05). The positive PTPRM expression rate significantly decreased with age, progressing clinical stage, and tumor recurrence, and the larger the mass diameter, the higher the positive PTPRM expression rate. PTPRM expression was significantly lower in ovarian cancer compared with that in normal tissues in the GEPIA database (P < 0.05). The overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival(DFS) rates were higher in the PTPRM high-expression group, with statistically significant (P < 0.05) and insignificant (P > 0.05) differences, respectively. The OS rate of the high-expression group compared with the low-expression group in the Kaplan-Meier Plotter database was higher, although without statistical significance (P > 0.05), and progression-free survival(PFS) was higher with statistical significance (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
PTPRM expression was low in patients with EOC, and the PTPRM positive-expression rate significantly decreased with progressing stages of EOC and tumor recurrence, suggesting that PTPRM acts as a tumor suppressor in EOC progression. Negative PTPRM expression may predict poor clinical outcomes in patients with EOC.
Topics: Humans; Female; Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Ovarian Neoplasms; Prognosis; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial; Biomarkers, Tumor
PubMed: 37403117
DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01220-3 -
The Journal of Pathology Jan 2016Endometriosis is a common benign gynaecological condition affecting at least 10% of women of childbearing age and is characterized by pain--frequently debilitating.... (Review)
Review
Endometriosis is a common benign gynaecological condition affecting at least 10% of women of childbearing age and is characterized by pain--frequently debilitating. Although the exact prevalence is unknown, the economic burden is substantial (∼$50 billion a year in the USA alone) and it is associated with considerable morbidity. The development of endometriosis is inextricably linked to the process of menstruation and thus the models that best recapitulate the human disease are in menstruating non-human primates. However, the use of these animals is ethically challenging and very expensive. A variety of models in laboratory animals have been developed and the most recent are based on generating menstrual-like endometrial tissue that can be transferred to a recipient animal. These models are genetically manipulable and facilitate precise mechanistic studies. In addition, these models can be used to study malignant transformation in epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Epidemiological and molecular evidence indicates that endometriosis is the most plausible precursor of both clear cell and endometrioid ovarian cancer (OCCA and OEA, respectively). While this progression is rare, understanding the underlying mechanisms of transformation may offer new strategies for prevention and therapy. Our ability to pursue this is highly dependent on improved animal models but the current transgenic models, which genetically modify the ovarian surface epithelium and oviduct, are poor models of ectopic endometrial tissue. In this review we describe the various models of endometriosis and discuss how they may be applicable to developing our mechanistic understanding of OCCA and OEA.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell; Animals; Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; Endometrial Neoplasms; Endometriosis; Female; Humans; Menstruation; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial; Ovarian Neoplasms; Primates; Rabbits; Rodentia; Transplantation, Heterologous
PubMed: 26456077
DOI: 10.1002/path.4657 -
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology... Sep 2010Unsuspected adrenal masses, or incidentalomas, are increasingly found with the widespread use of thoracic and abdominal imaging. These masses may be hormonally active or... (Review)
Review
Unsuspected adrenal masses, or incidentalomas, are increasingly found with the widespread use of thoracic and abdominal imaging. These masses may be hormonally active or nonfunctional and malignant or benign. Clinicians must determine the nature of the mass to decide what treatment, if any, is needed. Measurement of precontrast Hounsfield units (HU) and contrast washout on computed tomography scan provide useful diagnostic information. All patients should undergo biochemical testing for pheochromocytoma, either with plasma or urinary catecholamine measurements. This is particularly important before surgical resection, which is routinely recommended for masses larger than 4 cm in diameter without a clear-cut diagnosis and for others with hormonal secretion or ominous imaging characteristics. Hypertensive patients should undergo biochemical testing for hyperaldosteronism. Patients with features consistent with Cushing's syndrome, such as glucose intolerance, weight gain, and unexplained osteopenia, should be evaluated for cortisol excess. Here, the dexamethasone suppression test and late-night salivary cortisol may be preferred over measurement of urine cortisol. The ability of surgical resection to reverse features of mild hypercortisolism is not well established. For masses that appear to be benign (<10 HU; washout, >50%), small (<3 cm), and completely nonfunctioning, imaging and biochemical reevaluation (pheochromocytoma and hypercortisolism only) at 1-2 yr (or more) is appropriate. For more indeterminate lesions, repeat evaluation for growth after 3-12 months is useful, with subsequent testing intervals based on the rate of growth.
Topics: Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Algorithms; Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Carcinoma; Cushing Syndrome; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Incidental Findings; Middle Aged; Practice Guidelines as Topic
PubMed: 20823463
DOI: 10.1210/jc.2010-0457 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... Jul 2023Detecting thyroid tumors depends on histologic characteristics. However, distinguishing malignant from benign thyroid abnormalities may be challenging and contentious,...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Detecting thyroid tumors depends on histologic characteristics. However, distinguishing malignant from benign thyroid abnormalities may be challenging and contentious, particularly in tumors with a follicular appearance. Therefore, immunohistochemistry might be useful and essential. Immunohistochemical biomarkers, such as human trophoblast cell surface antigen (TROP) and Hector Battifora Mesothelial-1 (HBME-1), have helped diagnose thyroid cancers. In addition, mesothelial cells have an antigen called HBME-1 on their membranes, but its role is unclear. Thyroid epithelial neoplasms have lately been studied, and TROP-2 is a helpful marker of these tumors. Recently, researchers have explored HBME-1 upregulation in benign and malignant thyroid tumors. This research aimed to show that the immunohistochemical biomarkers TROP-2 and HBME-1 might be employed to distinguish malignant from benign follicular-derived thyroid lesions.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The research consisted of 50 specimens of various follicular thyroid lesions. From October 2018 to March 2021, blocks of follicular thyroid lesions and clinical information were collected from the Pathology Departments of Al-Azhar University Hospitals. Additionally, the HBME-1 and TROP-2 antigens were stained immunohistochemically.
RESULTS
Expression of TROP-2 along with HBME-1 distinguished benign from malignant follicular-derived thyroid lesions with respective sensitivities of 74.2 and 87.1% and specificities of 84.2 and 78.9%. Furthermore, positive HBME-1 expression was significantly less prevalent in benign lesions (15.8%) than in malignant lesions (74.2%) (P-value <0.001). Moreover, positive TROP-2 expression was significantly lower in benign lesions (21.1%) than in malignant lesions (87.1%) (P-value <0.001). The P value of <0.001 indicated an extremely strong positive correlation between HBME-1 and TROP-2 expression across all instances investigated.
CONCLUSION
With high sensitivity and specificity, both HBME-1 and TROP-2 are beneficial in identifying thyroid cancer, particularly papillary carcinoma, and separating malignant follicular-derived thyroid lesions from benign ones.
Topics: Humans; Biomarkers, Tumor; Thyroid Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Papillary; Diagnosis, Differential; Adenocarcinoma, Follicular
PubMed: 37505760
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2023.24.7.2305 -
Canadian Association of Radiologists... Feb 2015The thymus is routinely encountered on cross-sectional imaging studies of the chest. It has a variable appearance, undergoes dynamic changes during periods of stress,... (Review)
Review
The thymus is routinely encountered on cross-sectional imaging studies of the chest. It has a variable appearance, undergoes dynamic changes during periods of stress, and demonstrates numerous different pathologic lesions. Understanding the imaging characteristics of these different lesions facilitates accurate radiographic diagnosis and can prevent unnecessary follow-up imaging and intervention. This article will review normal thymic anatomy and development, thymic hyperplasia and associated medical conditions, and the imaging and pathologic features of various benign and malignant thymic lesions.
Topics: Carcinoid Tumor; Humans; Lipoma; Lymphoma; Mediastinal Cyst; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial; Thymus Gland; Thymus Hyperplasia; Thymus Neoplasms; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 24736228
DOI: 10.1016/j.carj.2013.09.003 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Jan 2023Background and Objectives: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is one of the most common malignancies of the endocrine system. In order to improve the ability to predict...
Background and Objectives: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is one of the most common malignancies of the endocrine system. In order to improve the ability to predict tumor behavior, several studies have been conducted to search for surrogate prognostic immunohistochemical tumor markers. Objective: To evaluate the correlation between the intensity of different immunohistochemical marker staining in PTC and the risk for extrathyroidal extension and metastases. Materials and Methods: The study comprised patients who underwent hemi- or total thyroidectomy. Thyroid tissues were immunohistochemically stained for different tumor proliferative markers: Minichromosome maintenance proteins 2 (MCM2), Ki-67 labeling index, E-Cadherin, Neuropilin-1 and Metallothionein. The correlation between the intensity of each marker staining and the final diagnosis (benign neoplasm and PTC) and the correlation between the intensity of each staining and tumor extrathyroidal extension and metastases were evaluated. Results: The study included 66 patients. Staining for Metallothionein, E-Cadherin and MCM2 significantly differed between benign neoplasm (n = 22) and thyroid-confined PTC (n = 21) (p = 0.002, 0.004 and 0.005, respectively), between benign neoplasm and PTC with extrathyroidal extension (n = 11) (p = 0.001, 0.006 and 0.01, respectively), and between benign neoplasm and PTC with metastases (n = 12) (p = 0.01, <0.001 and 0.037, respectively). No staining correlated with extrathyroidal extension. The intensity of E-Cadherin staining was significantly lower in PTC with metastases than thyroid confined PTC and PTC with extrathyroidal extension (p = 0.028 and 0.021, respectively). Conclusions: Immunohistochemical staining for Metallothionein, E-Cadherin and MCM2 significantly distinguished between benign thyroid tumor and PTC. E-Cadherin staining significantly and inversely correlated with the presence of metastases.
Topics: Humans; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Papillary; Thyroid Neoplasms; Cadherins; Biomarkers, Tumor; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 36676734
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59010110 -
Bulletin of the World Health... 1974Lung tumours are not common in domestic animals; there has not been the increase in epidermoid carcinomas and anaplastic small-cell carcinomas that has occurred in man...
Lung tumours are not common in domestic animals; there has not been the increase in epidermoid carcinomas and anaplastic small-cell carcinomas that has occurred in man this century. Adenocarcinoma is the most common type in animals. The biological behaviour of each type of tumour in animals seems to be much the same as in man. The tumours are described histologically, the main categories being: epidermoid carcinoma, anaplastic carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, combined epidermoid and adenocarcinoma, carcinoid tumours, bronchial gland tumours, benign tumours, and sarcomas.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Animals; Animals, Domestic; Bronchial Neoplasms; Carcinoid Tumor; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Small Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cats; Cattle; Dogs; Lung Neoplasms; Sarcoma; Sheep
PubMed: 4371738
DOI: No ID Found -
The Pan African Medical Journal 2022Pilomatricoma, formerly known as calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe, is a rare, benign, annexic skin tumor developed from the cells of the pilar matrix. The cure without...
Pilomatricoma, formerly known as calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe, is a rare, benign, annexic skin tumor developed from the cells of the pilar matrix. The cure without recurrence is the rule after complete surgical excision. Clinical diagnosis is challenging. Actually, differential diagnosis include malignant pilomatricoma or trichomatrical carcinoma with significant aggressive potential. However, the diagnosis of pilomatricoma must remain clinical and be confirmed histologically. We report the rare case of a pilomatricoma, in an unusual location in the thigh.
Topics: Humans; Pilomatrixoma; Thigh; Skin Neoplasms; Hair Diseases; Diagnosis, Differential; Carcinoma
PubMed: 36942146
DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2022.43.208.34861 -
Thoracic Cancer Feb 2019This study quantitatively assessed the efficacy of spectral computed tomography (CT) imaging parameters for differentiating the malignancy and benignity of solitary...
Can spectral computed tomography imaging improve the differentiation between malignant and benign pulmonary lesions manifesting as solitary pure ground glass, mixed ground glass, and solid nodules?
BACKGROUND
This study quantitatively assessed the efficacy of spectral computed tomography (CT) imaging parameters for differentiating the malignancy and benignity of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) manifesting as ground glass nodules (GGNs) and solid nodules (SNs).
METHODS
The study included 114 patients with SPNs (61 GGNs, and 53 SNs) who underwent CT plain and enhanced scans in the arterial (a) and venous (v) phases using the spectral imaging mode. The spectral CT imaging parameters included: iodine concentrations (IC) of lesions in the arterial (ICLa) and venous (ICLv) phases; normalized IC (NICa/NICv, normalized to the IC in the aorta); the slope of the spectral Hounsfield unit (HU) curve (λHUa/λHUv); and monochromatic CT number (CT40keVa/v, CT70keVa/v) enhancement on 40 and 70 keV images. The two-sample Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare quantitative parameters between malignant and benign SPNs, SNs, and GGNs.
RESULTS
Pathology revealed 75 lung cancer cases, 3 metastatic nodules, 14 benign nodules, and 22 inflammatory nodules. Among the 53 SNs there were 37 malignant and 16 benign nodules. Among the 61 GGNs there were 41 malignant and 20 benign nodules. Overall, the CT40keVa, λHUa, CT40keVv, λHUv, and ICLv of benign SPNs were all greater than those of malignant SPNs (all P < 0.05). For GGNs, CT40keVa/v, CT70keVa/v, λHUa/λHUv, and ICLv of malignant GGNs were all lower than those of benign GGNs.
CONCLUSION
Spectral CT imaging is a more promising method for distinguishing malignant from benign nodules, especially in nodules manifesting as GGNs in contrast-enhanced scanning.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma; Solitary Pulmonary Nodule; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 30582292
DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12937 -
Human Pathology Nov 2013Although epithelial ovarian cancer cells are eliminated by debulking surgery and chemotherapy during initial treatment, it is believed that only a subset of cancer... (Review)
Review
Although epithelial ovarian cancer cells are eliminated by debulking surgery and chemotherapy during initial treatment, it is believed that only a subset of cancer cells, that is, cancer stem cells, may be an important source of tumor recurrence and drug resistance. This review highlights our current understanding of high-grade serous carcinoma, ovarian cancer stem cells, common methods for enrichment of ovarian cancer stem cells, mechanisms involved in drug resistance, and potential strategies for overcoming drug resistance, with associated potential controversies and pitfalls. We also review the potential relationship between epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cells and how we can induce cancer cells to differentiate into benign stromal fibroblasts in response to certain chemotherapy drugs.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial; Cell Differentiation; Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Female; Fibroblasts; Humans; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial; Neoplastic Stem Cells; Ovarian Neoplasms; Stromal Cells
PubMed: 23850493
DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2013.05.001